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The occurrence animal's dangerous infections and zoonoses in the Czech Republic and South Bohemian Region
KOVÁŘOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor thesis deals with the occurrence and frequency of dangerous animal infections and zoonotic diseases in the Czech Republic and the South Bohemian Region in the years 2014 to 2018. The hypothesis of this paper is to find whether the number of outbreaks of dangerous animal infections and zoonotic diseases in the last 5 years has increased. In the first section I deal with the actual characteristics of infections, their course and latency. In the next section, I look at the history of infections, their discovery and, as the case may be, pandemics that caused certain infections. The third section describes the current infection situation which serves to meet the objectives and answers of the hypothesis. A description is presented here of the occurrence and frequency of infections in the Czech Republic and the South Bohemian Region. The data are also used as a tool to answer the hypothesis and assess the infection situation in the Czech Republic and in the South Bohemian Region. Data from the State Veterinary Administration, National Institute of Public Health and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control were analysed to meet this objective. In my paper I describe the most common animal infections and zoonotic diseases that affect the Czech Republic or are a global problem, and provide information about the infection situation concerning avian influenza, African swine fever virus, rabies, leptospirosis, salmonella, campylobacteriosis, Lyme borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, tularemie, bovine tuberculosis or the current Covid-19. This paper also presents a comparison of the data about the number of infected people in European Union countries, including the Czech Republic, and compares the occurrence of zoonotic diseases throughout the country and in the South Bohemian Region. In my paper I also describe the system of animal screening carried out by the State Veterinary Administration and the number of tested animals.
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Knowledge of Pupils Secondary School in the Area of Selected Zoonoses
Svobodová, Barbora ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.
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A comparative analysis of the isolates of Clostridioides difficile derived from different sources.
Eretová, Veronika ; Krůtová, Marcela (advisor) ; Ježek, Petr (referee)
Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are generally perceived as healtcare associated infections. However, there has been recently reported an increase of CDI incidence in the community. The occurrence of C. difficile has been described also in animals, food and the environment water and soil. The aim of this thesis was to characterize C. difficile isolates derived from different sources using molecular methods. The results were discussed with available data from Czech human C. difficile isolates. A total of 135 C. difficile isolates from the following sources were analyzed: pigs n = 57, calves n = 44, horses n = 18, water n = 15 and hedgehog. Using PCR ribotyping, 22 distinct ribotyping profiles were identified, the most frequently detected ribotypes were: 033, 011, 126, 078. Both toxigenic and non-toxigenic ribotypes were detected, including binary toxin-producing strains. The most frequently detected antimicrobial resistances were to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. All ribotypes and sequence types identified in the C. difficile isolates from animals and the environment, has been found also in C. difficile isolates from humans which confirms the role of animals and the environment as a source for C. difficile. However, no epidemic ribotype 001 and 176 that dominate the current...
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Hepatitis E infection in hunters from wild cloven-hoofed game animals
Štěpán, Jan ; Kudlová, Jana (advisor) ; Chvojková, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: In the last ten years there has been a rapid increase of hepatitis E cases (hereinafter as HEV) in the Czech Republic and European Union. In accordance with findings from recent years the prevalence of this infection in boars, deer, roe deer, fallow deer and other cloven-hoofed game has risen too. Under Czech law these animals can be hunted by hunters who are the first ones to come into contact with the hunted animals in the greatest extent which entails the highest risk of infection. This Diploma Thesis deals with viral hepatitis E as an acute zoonotic virus transmissible from wild cloven-hoofed animals to hunters. The author sought to determine the level of awareness of the hunting society of the risks of infection, their awareness of this infection and protection against it to improve possible protection. The theoretic part of the Diploma Thesis deals with, including, but not limited to, basic information about viral hepatitis. Materials used to prepare the theoretic findings of this Diploma Thesis were obtained from a research made by the National Medical Library, from sources found in expert databases (ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Schollar and others), from the opinions of professional organisations and associations about HEV and their...
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Knowledge of Pupils Secondary School in the Area of Selected Zoonoses
Svobodová, Barbora ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.
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Leishmania tropica in Mediterranean
Peštová, Jitka ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
In recent years new foci of Leishmania tropica appeared in the Mediterranean states of Northern Africa. While L. tropica was isolated from humans, dogs and sand fly species Phlebotomus sergenti in Morocco and from humans and gerbils (Gerbilus pyramidum floweri) in Egypt; in Tunisia, Algeria and Lybia the parasite was isolated from humans only. In the last three mentioned states, only L. tropica referred as Leishmania killicki is present. In most of the L. tropica foci in the Mediterranean countries of Northern Africa transmission mode was not determined. It is unknown whether the cycle of L. tropica is anthroponotic or zoonotic and what is reservoir and vector. In Morocco and Egypt, the most probable vector is P. sergenti only, while in Tunisia, Algeria and Lybia the vectors could be also P. (Paraphlebotomus) riouxi, P. (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi, P. (Paraphlebotomus) alexandri or P. (Larroussius) perniciosus. Considering the rural distribution and sporadic occurence of L. killicki cases, the parasite is presumed to have a zoonotic cycle and its reservoir host could possibly be Ctenodactylus gundi, which is relatively abundant in L. kilicki foci.
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Cat parasites
Vošická, Kristýna ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Kyriánová, Iveta Angela (referee)
The content of this bachelor thesis describes a different variety of cat parasites. This study discovers that the most infected group of the outdoor cats due to the fact that these animals are not provided with the same care as the household pets. Those cats are usually not vaccinated, not rid of worms, no one takes care of their fur and so they tend to become a host for the parasites. There are several kinds of parasites which attack cats. Among those belong the skin parasites like a cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) or follicle (Demodex). The most common endoparasite that lives in the internal organs or tissues of cats is coccidia (Toxoplasma gondii). The secondary host of this parasite can be any warm-blooded vertebrates including a human host. The common host is a mouse which usually loses its shyness after infestation. This enables the parasite to move to the primary host which is a cat. Other parasites of cats are coccidia (Cystoisospora felis), megrims (Trematoda), nematodes (Nematoda) and dog tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum). The interesting thing is that a cat flea can be a carrier of a dog tapeworm.
The most common way of identification of a parasite is a coprological examination (examining the feces). This examination is utilized due to its fast results, however they are not 100 percent correct all the time. There have to be a multiple sample taken during a several days period, however still the parasite doesn´t have to be detected. The more accurate identification is the PCR method which is not only exact, but a costly way. In general, the best prevention begins with good sanitation procedures. This includes daily removal of feces from inside and outside of household as well. The important action is to get rid of worms on regular basis and to use a different method, since the parasite can become immune to a specific method. Other applicable precaution is to ensure the vaccination of a kitten which is repeated every year of cat´s life.
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The importance of carnivores in the transmission of zoonoses in Asian countries
Čermáková, Klára ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alica, Alica (referee)
This thesis was conducted as a literature search on the basis of available sources of scientific and technical literature were summarized data on the biology and epidemiology of selected veterinary epidemiology of zoonoses, which significantly affect the health and quality of life in Asian countries. The work also describes the prevalence of particular diseases, their clinical symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and eventual treatment. Emphasis was placed on two serious diseases-the zoonoses: rabies and echinococcosis, whose expansion in Asia is everywhere present, but less is to draw attention to their severity. Bachelor lever was divided into two parts. The first concerned the general introduction to the topic selected zoonoses and their biology. In the following part of the work focused on describing the epidemiological or epidemiological situation of the disease in individual Asian countries, the prevalence and prevention programs targeted at the suppression or eradication of these diseases in Asia.
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Alimentární onemocnění z živočišných produktů
Šabršula, Jan
The bachelor thesis deals with occurrence of foodborne diseases in the human population and prevention thereof. The work is divided into several parts. The first part describes the issue of zoonoses. The next part deals with the alimentary diseases, their characteristics, description, occurrence in foods and how to prevent them in humans.
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The Importance of Public Health Protection and Veterinary Services Cooperation in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases
RICHTROVÁ, Daniela
The word infection is a term which causes uncertainty among people. After all, it is not too long ago when people were dying in pandemics of plague, cholera or influenza. A human can be infected by viruses, bacteria, fungal organisms or parasites, many of which can infect several animal species. Diseases transmissible from animals to humans are called zoonoses. For efficient surveillance of zoonoses the cooperation of both veterinary and hygienic services is required. Its aim is timely detection and elimination of infection sources. It is based primarily on pointed veterinary and hygienic-epidemiological surveillance. In this thesis, I focused on the importance of collaboration of veterinary and public health services in the prevention of infectious diseases. One of the objectives of this work is to compare the occurrence of selected human zoonosis diseases in South Bohemia in the years 2002-2010. The second objective is to compare the extent of anti-epidemic measures adopted by veterinary services and public health authorities. In this thesis, a qualitative-quantitative research was utilized. The research aimed to determine the importance of cooperation of public health authorities and veterinary services in the prevention of infectious diseases. The quantitative part of the survey was conducted through the method of secondary data analysis. In the qualitative part of the survey, a semi-structured interview was held with the head of the epidemiology department of the District Hygienic Station of České Budějovice and with the director of the Regional Veterinary Administration for the South Bohemian Region. On the basis of the results of the research and implemented interviews I came to this conclusion: 1) The co-operation during the transmission of infectious diseases is ensured sufficiently. 2) The range of anti-epidemic measures adopted in the veterinary field and in the field of public health is sufficient. This thesis can serve as an educational material for students studying Bachelor or Master Degree of public health protection, because as public health service employees they will deal with issues related to veterinary supervision in practice.
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